Bhakti movement in Hinduism refers to ideas and engagement that emerged in the medieval era on love and devotion to religious concepts built around one or more gods and goddesses. Karen Pechelis states that the word Bhakti should not be understood as uncritical emotion, but as committed engagement. Bhakti, in contrast, is spiritual, a love and devotion to religious concepts or principles, that engages both emotion and intellection. Kama connotes emotional connection, sometimes with sensual devotion and erotic love. The meaning of the term Bhakti is analogous to but different from Kama. The word also means "attachment, devotion to, fondness for, homage, faith or love, worship, piety to something as a spiritual, religious principle or means of salvation". The Sanskrit word bhakti is derived from the root bhaji, which means "divide, share, partake, participate, to belong to".
7 Buddhism, Jainism and Bhakti movement.4 Philosophy: Nirguna and Saguna Brahman.Scriptures of the Bhakti movement include the Bhagavad Gita, Bhagavata Purana and Padma Purana. Bhakti refers to passionate devotion (to a deity). They suggest Bhakti movement was a revival, reworking and recontextualisation of ancient Vedic traditions. Contemporary scholars question whether the Bhakti movement ever was a reform or rebellion of any kind. The Bhakti movement began with the aim of reforming traditional Hinduism with its strict caste system partly due to the rise and influence of ideas from Islam. The movement has traditionally been considered an influential social reformation in Hinduism in that it provided an individual-focused alternative path to spirituality regardless of one's birth or gender. The movement was inspired by many poet-saints, who championed a wide range of philosophical positions ranging from theistic dualism of Dvaita to absolute monism of Advaita Vedanta. Local languages so that the message reached the masses. The Bhakti movement regionally developed around different gods and goddesses, and some sub-sects were Vaishnavism (Vishnu), Shaivism (Shiva), Shaktism (Shakti goddesses), and Smartism. It swept over east and north India from the 15th century onwards, reaching its zenith between the 15th and 17th century CE. It was prominent in eighth-century south India (now Tamil Nadu and Kerala states), and spread northwards. The Bhakti movement was an important historical religious movement in medieval Hinduism that sought to bring religious reforms to all strata of society by adopting the method of devotion to achieve salvation. He is one of the most prominent of the sixty-three Nayanars of the Saiva bhakti movement. From Freer Gallery of Art, Washington DC. The Child Saint Sambandar, Chola dynasty, Tamil Nadu.
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